Culture & Etiquette

Baksheesh (small tips) are expected for nearly every service -- from someone helping with your bags to a guard opening a special area at a monument. Carry plenty of small bills (5-20 EGP notes). This is not corruption; it's how Egypt's informal service economy operates.

Egypt is a predominantly Muslim country. Both men and women should cover shoulders and knees, especially when visiting mosques. Women may need a headscarf at mosques. In tourist resort areas like Sharm el-Sheikh, dress codes are more relaxed.

If an Egyptian invites you for tea or a meal, accept -- refusing can be seen as rude. You may be offered food or drink multiple times; it's customary to politely decline once or twice before accepting. Meals are communal and generous, and hosts take pride in feeding guests abundantly.

The left hand is considered unclean in Egyptian culture. Always eat with your right hand, pass items with your right hand, and offer handshakes with your right hand. This is especially important when eating communal dishes.

Bargaining is standard practice at souqs (markets) like Cairo's Khan el-Khalili. The first price is always inflated for tourists -- start at about one-third of the asking price and negotiate cheerfully. It's a social ritual, not a confrontation. Never haggle in grocery stores or pharmacies.

The call to prayer sounds five times daily and is a central part of Egyptian life. Don't be alarmed by the amplified call from minarets. Avoid scheduling meetings during Friday noon prayers. During Ramadan, avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight hours as a sign of respect.

Egyptians are warm and love conversation, but politics is a sensitive topic. Avoid criticizing the government, military, or religion. Keep conversations light -- Egyptians love talking about football, food, and family.

Near tourist sites, you will be approached by people offering tours, camel rides, or souvenirs. A firm but polite "la, shukran" (no, thank you) is the best response. Don't engage in conversation if you're not interested, as it will be interpreted as an opening for negotiation.